Non-Surgical · Picosecond Laser

Tattoo Removal

Ink broken up over a series, and what decides how many

Gangnam, Seoul | Board-certified plastic surgeon, Dr. Jonghwan Choi
KHIDI-registered for international patients · Apgujeong Rewind

Tattoo Removal Tattoo Removal Tattoo Removal Tattoo Removal Tattoo Removal Tattoo Removal 
Define

Tattoo removal

Tattoo removal: what a picosecond laser does to ink

The short answer

Tattoo ink sits in the dermis in particles too large for the body to carry away. A picosecond laser delivers energy in pulses short enough to shatter those particles mechanically instead of cooking the skin around them, and the fragments are then cleared by the immune system over the weeks that follow. Rewind runs this on its Pico K device, whose published figures the clinic gives as 300 picoseconds and 2.9 W, with the stated aim of keeping skin damage down while the body does the clearing.

Two things this page will not do. It will not put a session number on your tattoo, because the number depends on ink that nobody has looked at yet. And it will not promise clearance, because complete clearance is not something any laser or clinic can undertake in advance. What it will do is set out what decides the answer, and what the rates are.

The same device treats pigment problems, and the two uses get confused constantly at the booking stage. Melasma, freckling and sun damage are a different intent with a different endpoint, treated at low fluence across broad areas, and they are written up on the clinic's pico laser toning page. If what you want gone is something a tattooist put there, this is the right page.

Ink removal is slower and less predictable than most patients expect from the marketing that surrounds it. Published reviews of laser tattoo removal describe the same handful of variables deciding the course every time, and a scoring scale built from those variables is the standard tool for estimating how many visits a tattoo will take. The scale exists precisely because the truthful answer to the question is a range.

Laser treatment room at Rewind Plastic Surgery, Apgujeong, Seoul
Fig. 01 — The tattoo is assessed and the area measured before a quote is given
Factors

What the assessment looks at

Four things that decide how a tattoo responds to removal

The published scoring work on tattoo removal turns the estimate into arithmetic, and the inputs are the same ones your consultation will go through. None of them is a judgement about the tattoo. They are physical facts about ink, skin and where the two meet.

factor 01
Ink colour
Black and dark blue absorb across a wide range and shift first. Greens, light blues and some reds sit awkwardly against available wavelengths and lag behind.
factor 02
Density and depth
A dense professional piece carries far more pigment, packed deeper and more evenly, than a shallow amateur one of the same size.
factor 03
Skin tone
Melanin competes with ink for the same energy. Darker skin types are treated more cautiously because the margin before pigment change narrows.
factor 04
Site and history
Tattoos far from the trunk clear more slowly, and a piece already lasered elsewhere, layered or covered up behaves differently again.

One case is set apart from all of these. Cosmetic tattooing on the brow or lip line can contain iron oxide or titanium-based pigments that darken on the first pass, and that reaction is not reversible by carrying on. Anything of that kind is test-spotted before a full pass, and you should say so at the consultation even if it was years ago.

Clear

Mechanism

From pulse to clearance: how ink leaves the skin

Nothing is removed in the room. The laser only breaks the ink into pieces small enough to be carried off, and everything visible happens afterwards, so the interval between visits matters as much as the visit itself.

01The pulse

What a picosecond pulse does to an ink particle

A pulse measured in picoseconds reaches the ink particle faster than heat can spread into the tissue holding it. The particle fractures under pressure. Comparative trials of picosecond and nanosecond devices on split tattoos have been run precisely to measure what that shorter pulse buys, and the difference is the reason this class of device replaced the older one for ink.

02The device

What Rewind holds, and what the clinic says about it

The clinic's device note lists Pico K with figures of 300 picoseconds and 2.9 W, described as strong energy applied with skin damage kept low so that the body can carry the fragments away naturally. The same unit is used for pigment work, acne scarring and pores. No other laser is presented here as a tattoo device.

03Weeks after

Macrophages do the removal, and they are slow

Fragmented pigment is taken up by immune cells and drained through the lymphatics. That process runs for weeks after a pass, and fading continues long after you have left. Treating again before it has finished adds energy to skin that is still working and raises the risk of a mark without speeding anything up.

04The series

Every pass is judged against the last one

Removal is a course, and the course is read from photographs taken at the same distance each visit. Rewind publishes no fixed number of sessions and no fixed interval for it, and none is invented here. What the assessment does give you is a realistic range and the reasons behind it, before you pay for the first pass.

A device session underway at Rewind Plastic Surgery, Gangnam
Fig. 02 — Energy settings follow the assessment of the ink, never the size of the piece
Rewind

Judgement

Why ink work is held to a surgical standard here

Tattoo removal is sold in a lot of places as a commodity: fixed price, fixed count, book online. The reason it sits in a plastic surgery clinic instead is that the things which go wrong with it are skin injuries, and the person who should be setting the energy is the person who would have to manage a scar.

01Assessment

The estimate is given before the deposit, not after

Colour, density, skin type, site and treatment history are read off the tattoo in front of you, and they produce a range. A clinic that quotes a session count before looking has either guessed or decided the number in advance. You are entitled to hear which variables in your own case are the awkward ones.

02Restraint

Pushing energy is how textured scars are made

Clearance can be chased by raising fluence and shortening intervals, and skin pays for both. The choice made here is the slower one: settings that the skin tolerates, intervals long enough for the fragments to clear, and a willingness to say that a particular tattoo will take longer than the patient hoped.

03Context

A surgeon assesses the skin, not only the ink

Dr. Choi works on scars as part of a craniofacial and aesthetic practice, so raised, keloid-prone or previously injured skin over a tattoo is recognised at the assessment and not discovered after a pass. Where the skin makes laser removal a poor bet, that is said in the consultation.

Dr. Jonghwan Choi, board-certified plastic surgeon and medical director of Rewind
Fig. 03 — One surgeon sets the settings and reviews each pass
Room

On the day

What happens on the day a tattoo is treated

Treatment floor at Rewind Plastic Surgery, Gangnam, Seoul

Fig. 04 — Treatment floor, Richro Building, Gangnam

Waiting area at Rewind Plastic Surgery, Apgujeong

Fig. 05 — Where patients wait before and after a pass

The tattoo is examined, measured and photographed, and the quote follows the area it covers. Eye protection goes on before anything fires. A pass feels like repeated snapping against the skin and the area goes white for a short while afterwards, which is expected and settles. The work happens on the fourth and fifth floors of the Richro Building in Gangnam, Seoul, on a booked appointment, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday from 10:00 to 19:00 and Saturday from 10:00 to 16:00.

Picosecond device, Pico K
Quoted by the area the ink covers
Photographed at matched distance each visit
Given as a course with weeks between passes
Eye protection worn throughout
Settings decided by Dr. Jonghwan Choi

Rewind's Korean material records no anaesthesia note and no appointment length for this treatment, so neither appears here. Ask both at the consultation and take the answer from the room. A figure copied off a competitor's page would read as confidence and function as a guess, and you would be the one holding it when the day came.

Record

Case photography

Tattoo clearance photographs: the frames still empty

The case pairs Rewind has released are surgical ones. No ink series has been photographed and consented yet, so the cards below carry nothing. Tattoo removal is the single easiest treatment in aesthetics to illustrate with someone else's work, since a stock pair of a fading black outline is indistinguishable from any clinic's own.

Tattoo removal — case pairs

BEFORE PHOTO
AFTER PHOTO
BEFOREAFTER
case — picosecond laser
Tattoo removal
Individual results may vary.
BEFORE PHOTO
AFTER PHOTO
BEFOREAFTER
case — picosecond laser
Tattoo removal
Individual results may vary.
BEFORE PHOTO
AFTER PHOTO
BEFOREAFTER
case — picosecond laser
Tattoo removal
Individual results may vary.
BEFORE PHOTO
AFTER PHOTO
BEFOREAFTER
case — picosecond laser
Tattoo removal
Individual results may vary.

When this clinic does publish ink pairs, the card will carry the number of passes behind the second frame and the weeks since the last one, because a photograph without those two numbers tells a patient nothing useful. Both frames will be the same distance, the same light and the same body position, uncropped, with consent on file. No particular degree of clearance can be promised from anybody's photographs, and individual results may vary.

Rates

Pricing

Tattoo removal prices in Gangnam, by the area of ink

Ink is quoted by how much skin it covers, and the clinic's rate matrix uses everyday objects as its bands in place of centimetres. The three size rows below are per pass. The fourth line is the session rate carried on the clinic's main price sheet, and which of the two applies to your piece is settled when it is measured.

Coin-sized areaPer pass, smallest band on the rate matrix
₩50,000
Business-card areaPer pass, roughly the footprint of one name card
₩100,000
Two business cardsPer pass, the largest band the matrix names
₩150,000
Pico tattoo removal — session rateThe line carried on the clinic's main price sheet
₩200,000

VAT is excluded from all four figures, so your receipt will read higher than this page does. Because removal runs as a course, the number that actually matters is a rate multiplied by a count nobody can give you before seeing the ink, and a clinic offering a flat all-in package for an unseen tattoo is pricing a guess. Anything larger than the bands above is measured and quoted at consultation.

Fit

Suitability

Good candidates for ink removal, and when it is refused

Usually workable

  • Black or dark blue work on the trunk, arms or shoulders, which is the most cooperative combination there is
  • Amateur or hand-poked pieces, where pigment is shallower and less densely packed
  • Anyone clearing skin ahead of a cover-up, where partial fading is the brief rather than clearance
  • Patients who accept a course spread across months and can attend for review between passes
  • Older work that has already faded, provided it has not been lasered aggressively before

Reasons the doctor refuses or delays

  • Cosmetic brow or lip pigment that has not been test-spotted, because some of those inks darken on contact
  • A keloid or hypertrophic scar history, or skin already thickened over the tattooed area
  • Tanned or recently sun-exposed skin over the site, until the tan has gone
  • Active infection, inflamed skin or an unhealed wound anywhere across the field
  • A patient who needs the tattoo gone by a fixed date, since the timetable belongs to the immune system
After

Recovery

After a pass: what the skin does and what the clinic asks

The aftercare here is the clinic's standard device instruction, and it is short. What makes ink work different from the rest of the device list is that the weeks of quiet afterwards are the part doing the job, so the instructions matter longer than the marks do.

Same day
Whitening, then swelling
The treated area frosts white for a short while and then reddens and swells. Sauna, strenuous exercise and alcohol are kept out of the rest of the day.
First two days
Leave it alone
The clinic asks that the area is not rubbed or pressed for one to two days. Blistering or crusting can follow a pass and is not picked at; it is reported if it worsens.
Healing phase
Moisture and shade
Careful moisturising and sun protection over the site are part of the standing instruction, and sun on treated skin is the fastest route to a pigment change you did not want.
Weeks after
Fading you cannot rush
Ink keeps clearing long after the skin looks settled. The next pass is scheduled on what the photographs show, and bringing it forward buys nothing.

The risks of laser ink removal are skin risks and they are worth knowing before the first pass. Blistering, crusting, swelling and pinpoint bleeding are common in the days afterwards. Loss of pigment in the treated skin, darkening of the surrounding skin, and textural or raised scarring are the outcomes that do not simply settle, and their likelihood rises with higher energy, shorter intervals and darker skin types. Paradoxical darkening of cosmetic pigments is a recognised reaction and the reason for test spots. Incomplete clearance is a real possibility for any tattoo and cannot be promised away; residual shadow or a colour that will not shift is something the consultation should raise with you, not something you should discover on the sixth visit.

Doctor

Professional

At Rewind, one board-certified plastic surgeon carries every case — from the first consultation to the final follow-up. Because a face is a story, and a story deserves a single author.

Dr. Jonghwan Choi, board-certified plastic surgeonRewind,
Dr. Jonghwan Choi presenting at an academic session
Fig. 06 — Academic presentation, thread-lifting session

Rewind's Doctor

Dr. Jonghwan Choi Medical Director

One surgeon, from the first
consultation to the last follow-up.

A board-certified plastic surgeon devoted to anti-aging lifting — with the precision and restraint built through years of craniofacial practice.

Board-certified plastic surgeon (Plastic Surgery)
10 peer-reviewed publications
Medical Director, Rewind Plastic Surgery
Korean Society of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons
Former chief director, Apgujeong Y&T Plastic Surgery
Korean Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
J Craniofac Surg · JKMS · Arch Craniofac Surg
Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
Voices

Google Reviews

What our patients say.

G 5.0 ★★★★★ 12 Google reviews · Rewind Plastic Surgery, Apgujeong — live-synced from Google Business Profile

"Sample review card — at launch this section pulls the clinic's real Google reviews automatically, shown verbatim with the reviewer's initial and posting date."

AReviewer namePOSTED ON GOOGLE

"Sample review card — reviews are never written or edited by the clinic; only what patients posted on Google appears here."

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Ask

Questions

Tattoo removal: the questions that decide whether to start

How many sessions will my tattoo take?
Nobody can say before seeing it. Published scoring work on laser tattoo removal estimates the count from colour, ink density, skin type, body site and previous treatment, and the estimate is a range even then. Rewind gives you that range at the assessment along with which of those variables is working against you.
Will every trace of the ink go?
Complete clearance cannot be promised for any tattoo. Black and dark blue usually shift furthest; greens, light blues and some reds can leave a residual shadow that stops responding. Clearing enough for a cover-up is a more reliable brief than clearing to bare skin, and it costs fewer passes.
Which colours are the difficult ones?
Black and dark blue absorb across a wide range and respond first. Greens and light blues sit awkwardly against the wavelengths available and are the classic slow performers. Some reds and white or flesh-toned inks behave unpredictably and can darken, which is a reason to test a small patch before committing.
Why do I have to wait weeks between passes?
The laser only fragments the pigment; immune cells then carry it away over the following weeks and the tattoo keeps fading the whole time. Firing again before that has run its course adds energy to skin still doing the work, raising the risk of blistering, pigment change and scarring without gaining time.
Can my eyebrow or lip tattoo be lasered?
Cautiously, and only after a test spot. Cosmetic pigments can contain iron oxide or titanium compounds that turn dark grey or black on the first pass, and that darkening is not undone by continuing. Tell the clinic about any cosmetic tattooing even if it was done years ago and has faded.
Does it scar?
It can. Textural change, raised scarring, loss of pigment in the treated skin and darkening around it are the outcomes that do not simply settle, and all of them become likelier with high energy, short intervals and darker skin. Blistering and crusting in the days after a pass are common and usually heal without a mark.
How does a quote get to a number?
By how much skin the ink sits on, and per pass. The rate matrix marks three bands against everyday objects: a coin, one name card, two name cards. A separate line for pico work on tattoos sits on the clinic's main sheet. Those four numbers are in the pricing block further up, and tax is added to each of them at reception.
Is this the same laser used for melasma?
The same Pico K device, set up completely differently. Pigment work runs at low fluence across broad areas for a gradual change; ink work uses short, high-pressure pulses aimed at particles. If the problem is pigment and not ink, read the pico laser toning page instead.
What does a pass actually feel like?
Patients describe repeated snapping against the skin, sharper over bone and thin tissue. The area frosts white immediately afterwards, then reddens and swells. Rewind publishes no anaesthesia note for this treatment, so ask what is available when the tattoo is assessed.
I am in Seoul for a week. Can I finish this trip?
No. Removal runs across months because the clearing between passes is the part that works. A single pass on a short visit is worth booking only if you intend to continue somewhere, and the clinic will photograph the tattoo at matched distance so that whoever treats you next has a baseline.
Can I sunbathe or go to the beach during the course?
Not over the treated skin. Sun exposure on a recently lasered field is the quickest way to a pigment change you will then have to treat separately, and a tan over the tattoo forces the settings down or the appointment back. Cover the area and keep sun protection on it throughout.
Who reads the tattoo and sets the energy?
One person: Dr. Jonghwan Choi. Ink is not handed off to a technician here. He grades the colour, density and skin type, chooses the fluence, fires each pass himself and compares the photographs before offering you the next appointment. English-language enquiries are supported by an interpreter.
Booking

Reservation

REWIND,booking

Tell us what you are considering — we reply within one business day, in your language.

Scientific evidence

What the published work on laser ink clearance reports

Five papers underpin what this page claims: how laser removal of ink works and what governs it, what a picosecond pulse changes against the older nanosecond devices when the two are compared on one tattoo, how fractional delivery has been combined with a full pass, and how a published scoring scale has been used to predict the number of visits a given tattoo needs. None of the work was carried out at Rewind Plastic Surgery or on patients treated here, none of it was funded by this clinic, and none of it forecasts what your own tattoo will do.